Since their inception in the mid-1980s, citizenship-by-investment (CBI) programmes are often accused of commodifying citizenship, unfairly favouring the very wealthy, and facilitating money laundering, tax evasion and other criminal activities.
This paper seeks to take a practical and balanced approach to assessing CBI programmes as a source of revenue, specifically for small states.
Author:
Heather Cover-Kus
Online ISSN
2664-097X
Copyright (c) 2019 Commonwealth Secretariat
